Look closely at the lower half

Read from left to right

Compare შ ჩ ც, then ძ წ ჭ. Look at the complete outline and the crossings; a familiar curve alone is not enough. Compare the examples side by side. Letter names label the characters; the sound cues explain how to pronounce them.

shin

Shin makes sh. Compare შ ჩ ც: similar curves do not mean the same sound.

შ

shin

chin

Chin makes ch with a puff of air. Compare ჩ ჭ ჯ: airy ch, ejective ch, voiced j.

ჩ

chin

tsan

Tsan combines t and s with a puff of air. It is one consonant, unlike two separate letters.

ც

tsan

dzil

Dzil makes dz, as at the end of adds. Compare ძ წ ჭ by tracing their lower parts.

ძ

dzil

tsil

Tsil makes ejective ts. It is different from the airy ts of tsan ც.

წ

tsil

char

Char makes ejective ch. Compare ჭ წ ძ and look for the additional crossing.

ჭ

char