Sounds from the back of the mouth

Read from left to right

These lessons use Mkhedruli, the everyday Georgian script. Each letter keeps its identity wherever it appears in a word; there are no Arabic-style joining forms. Mtavruli capitals appear in headings and emphasis, but everyday Georgian does not capitalise the first letter of a sentence.

khar

Khar is k with a puff of air. Do not confuse it with khan ხ, the friction sound.

ქ

khar

ghan

Ghan is a voiced friction sound at the back of the mouth. Compare ღ ლ დ visually.

ღ

ghan

qar

Qar is an ejective sound made farther back than k. English has no exact equivalent.

ყ

qar

shin

Shin makes sh. Compare შ ჩ ც: similar curves do not mean the same sound.

შ

shin