From the back of the mouth to the lips

Meet khe, tsa, ken, ho and practise telling them apart.

One letter, two cases

These lessons use Eastern Armenian pronunciation and modern reformed spelling. Capitals start sentences and names; most running text is lowercase. The capital and lowercase are the same letter and sound. There are no Arabic-style positional forms.

khe

Խ խ is a back-of-the-mouth friction sound, approximately ch in loch. It is not k.

khe

tsa

Ծ ծ makes ts without a strong puff. Compare aspirated Ց ց and voiced Ձ ձ.

tsa

ken

Կ կ makes k without a strong puff. Ք ք is aspirated, while Գ գ is voiced.

ken

ho

Հ հ makes h, as in hat. A capital that resembles a Latin letter still follows Armenian sounds.